11/10/11

Negating Information


Negating Information

Negation of verbs and verb phrases
The words that are used to negate verbs and verb phrases in Chinese are and .
and come before the verb or anything that precedes or modifies the verb, including adverb, a location phrase, or any other prepositional phrase.

Examples:
他不喝酒。[negation + verb]
她不一定考得好。[negation + adverb]
他不在家吃饭。 [negation + locationa prepositional phrase]
他没跟弟弟说话。[negation + prepositional phrase]

and serve to identify the aspect and time frame of the events.

is the market of negation for:
1.       Adjectival verbs, stative verbs, and modal verbs
妹妹不高。(adjectival verb)
我不喜欢他。(stative verb)
十六岁的孩子不可以喝酒。(modal verb)

2.       Action verbs, describing present, future or habitual events
                他不吃肉。
                我不学法语。

and 没有
is the negation word that negates the verb .
Example:
                他没有钱。
                公园里没有人。

or 没有 negates action verbs under the following conditions:
·         The action is not complete
我还没看完哪本书。
·         The action did not happen in the past
我昨天没吃晚饭。
我这个月都没看电影。
When negation occurs at the end of the sentence in verb-not-verb question, must be followed by .
                你看完了那本书没有?

The relative order of negation and adverbs
Most adverbs occur before negation
                那本书,我没看完。
                我喜欢吃中国饭,不喜欢吃海参。
                也许不认识你妹妹。

A small number of adverbs may occur either before or after negation. The order of negation and adverb influences the meaning of the sentence.
                我们都不会开车。
                我们不都会开车。有的会,有的不会。

                我一定不去。
                我不一定去。

Words that occur with negation
Certain adverbs always occur with negation or in negative contexts. These include:
从来 (+negation) – never
                我从来没抽过烟。
根本 (+negation) – absolutely not
                那样的话根本没有道理。
(+negation) – absolutely (not)
                我并不愿意跟他一起住。

The noun modifier 任何 and negation
任何 – any
                我没告诉任何人。

in resultative verb structures
occurs between the verb and the resultative suffix to indicate inability to achieve the result.
Examples:
吃完 – finished eating
                我吃不完。 I am unable to finish eating
看见 – see, perceive
                这部电影的字幕太小。我根本看不见。
听懂 – understand by listening
                他说得太快。我听不懂。

Literary markers of negation: and
Expressions with 无:
·         无论              no matter what
·         无论如何    in any case, no matter what
·         无比              incomparable
·         无故              without reason, fo no reason
·         无理              unreasonable, for no reason
·         毫无              not in the least, not at all

Examples:
无论你去不去上课,我也不去。
你无论如何得帮我这个忙。
九寨沟的风景美丽无比。
你为什么无缘无故打人?
你这真是无理取闹。
毫无疑问,他是一个很好的学生。

Expressions with
·                            must (verb phrase)
·         非得              must
·         非凡              outstanding
·         非法              illegal
·         非常              extraordinary, extremely

Examples:
                我非把中文学好不可。
                你今天下午非得把功课做完。
                这次的庆祝会隆重非凡。
                非法的生意我不会作的。
                他的英文非常好。

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